Quantumchromodynamics and the ether model.

Special sensors and on line computers usually evaluate directly on the spot the vast numbers of data, filtering special reactions. The goal is usually to find a particular new species, which has been predicted by some theory or another.

Although Ting, one of the most fameous experimentalists (I met him in the late sixties) says that he is not going to prove anybodies theories, this can just be a sort of hope; the number of odd events is just too large in the high energy laboratories as to allow for a careful assessment of all posibilities; instead an intelligent filter must separate the data right were they are generated, and this can only be done with a rather rough sieve.

This filter is - again - the "standard model in physics", which includes not only the big bang, but also a number of mathematical mechanismes, describing the generation of matter after the big bang. These generating processes are asumed to be simulated in the high energy laboratories.

One part of the standard model of physics is the quantumchromodynamics QCD, which resembles in many aspects the quantum- electrodynamics as invented by Feynman and others. Therby it is asumed that many virtual particles interact with the real elementary particles and thereby generate the electric field or the magnetic field or the gravitation.

The QCD regards the elementary particles themselves; it is asumed that these are composed of "quarks", which have particular properties. E.g. the quarks cling together like being tied by a short lasso. And the quarks obey some rules as to how they can assemble within the "compartment" of an elementary particle, and what sort of "quantum states" they may have.

According to a proposal of K. G. Wilson of Cornell University, the states of the quarks should not be continuous in space and time, because the old quark theory encounted some "singularities", which could not be ruled out by mathematical tricks. So, the quantumchromodynamics QCD was invented as a quark theory, which allowed only discrete points in space and time.

The important issue for my arguement is as follows: According to an original proposal of Wilson in 1972, the quark theory was only formulated on a cubic lattice. The points in between the lattice were suposed as meaningless.

The theoreticians chose a rather large spaced lattice first, and by subsequent decrease of the spacing, the accuracy was becoming better. So, a continuous solution was in the end approximated by a fine mesh.

Thise theory is also called "lattice gauge theory".

I do not want to outline all particularities of the QCD here. Instead I concentrate on the similarities, which exist between the QCD and the ether brick model.

The ribbons, which are shown in the picture, represent the states of the quarks, which are inidcated by the arrows. The QCD sais that an untwisted ribbon does not have an energy content, whereas the twisted ribbon is associated with an energy content. This is quite in line with the ether brick model, which asigned the energy to the cavities in the ether. A cavity, on the other hand, can only be maintained, when the cubes are turned and twisted.

So, the QCD and the ether brick model have in common to attribute the energy to a geometrical change.

One remark might be added here: I think that, as higher the energies and velocities of the elementary particles are, the more does the ether be devided in cubes with a spacing of the elementary length. The ether powder might be fine, when the speed (momentum) of the particles involved is low, thereby the "vortex crystal model" might be more applicable for small energies. It might be sufficient for the moment, to regard the ether as being cracked into even cubes, each with dimensions of an elementary length.

The ether brick model is - in this respect - in full agreement with the QCD, since it attributes the electric field to the shape of the gaps between the ether bricks. So, it can - on the same grounds as the QCD - explain the confinement of fields in small "systems", the dimensions of which are comparable with the elementary length.

Some other aspects about the quarks and the ether have already been mentioned in a previous chapter. We also referd to new techniques for computing masses of elementary particles, the most elaborate method seems to be the method of "lattice quantum chromodynamics QCD", which has been outlined in in the article of D. H. Weingarten (see Scientific American, febr. 1996, p. 104 ff.):

As the picture suggests, the method involves modelling cubic space elements, all characterised by "vertices of a four dimensional checker board", as Wingarten describes in the article mentioned above. The main calculations involved Monte Carlo methods, simulating, how quarks get from their initial place to their final place.

As I said, I have tried many ways to inlcude something like "quarks" in my modelling. Presently, I favour the idea that quarks may stand for the cracks and gaps in between the ether bricks. The cracks are seen "head on", very much in line with the experimental setup of high energy physics, which monitores "quarks" generally with "head on collisions".

There are numerous ways for the particles to crack the forefront ether cube. The simplest way seems to be an abrasion on the rear side, untill eventually only a small remnant of the ether cube tilts away and is sucked into the cavity. This is shown in the centre of the picture.

When the gap opens between two ether layers, there might be an intrusion of ether powder, which has not been included in the picture. The elementary particles may differ quite a lot with respect to the pattern, the gap to the undisturbed ether regions opens, broadens and finally leads powder into the newly generated cavity.

This is particularly interesting in high energy physics, where the quarks have been discovered.

It may also be possible that the ether cube tilts in two directions simultaneously, as shown in the right corner of the picture. The two cases differ with respect to the numer of gaps, which are opened.

The other ways, which are shown, involve a fractioning of the regarded ether brick. In one case, the ether cube breaks up in two parts. The front corner shows an even more complicated case, where the ether brick breaks up in four parts, thereby generating a complex gap pattern.

The simple gap pattern happen more frequently. So the basic quarks (the "up" quark and the "down" quark) may be associated with the more simple gap patterns, whereas the charmed quarks etc. form more komplex pattern. The model allows also for more than just one cube to be involved, when an elementary particle intrudes an undisturbed ether brick layer.

It is important that even the simple case as shown in the centre of the picture, involves four different gaps. Thereby each gap might stand for a "quark". So every process shown in the picture is not a quark itself, but is made up of several quarks.

In fact, we might find a number of different geometrical arrangements, which might have a correspondance in quark physics. So, four ether bricks might form a pattern with four equal "rays", or even noncubic ether bricks might be involved, forming five rays or even more.

As the space lattice in QCD has a direct analogon in the ether brick theory, it is obvious that the ether model might model (explain) these jets directly.

This cubic arrangement might directly correspond to an ether volume element (cavity) within the ether lattice, whereby this cube is filled by powder, which extrudes at the corners into the cracks, and similar mechanismes, mentioned above.

Information on the Ceres experiment as performed by the University of Heidelberg at Cern may show, how complex science research is today. Quite easily, some terabyte of data are obtained and have to evaluated.

Properties of the Z(3) Interface in (2+1)-D SU(3) Gauge Theory (hep-lat preprints for 9509) by S. T. West and J. F. Wheater and High density QCD.

Phase Transitions in lattice QED (hep-lat preprints for 9412) by M. Baig; Spin dependent potentials from SU(2) gauge theory, by G. S. Bali et al.

Further reading can be obtained of the Physics Computing Conference '95; this conference presents some new research results and developments in computational physics in a variety of subjects, including lattice gauge theory, density functional methods, advances in computational materials etc.

Recent work on heavy ion physics is reported in Workshop on Long Term Perspectives for GSI: Instead of using an electron beam to provide the required photons, one can also produce these by laser backscattering.

The importance of geometric considertations in relativity is highlighted in a work on Einstein curvature, taking account of the stress-energy tensor, the Einstein curvature tensor, the Ricci curvature tensor and a metric tensor, including Baez's "Knots".

A sumary work on unification of Super-gravity This includes unification of Super-gravity Theories (Weinberg), Supersymmetry Theories (Kaluza/Klein), Superstring Theories (Nambu/Green/Schwarz/Gross Co.) as well as the Twistor Theorisation and Theorization of Quantification of space/gravity (Wheeler et al.) etc.

NLO QCD corrections to dijet production by Fermilab Theory Seminars is reported by Dieter Zeppenfeld, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison

See also Electroweak phase transition and numerical simulations in the su(2) Higgs model (cern preprints for 9507) by Montvay for further information on the Higgs- particle.

Boucaud and A. J. van der Sijs (hep-lat preprints for 9503) including : Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Abelian-Projected SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory - by R. M. Woloshyn

WA89 Publications: on Charmed and charmed strange baryon production in the CERN hyperon beam experiment WA89, Talk presented by A. Simon at the XXIX. Rencontres de Moriond, "QCD and High Energy Hadronic Interactions", Méribel, March 1994.

V. Frolov: (hep-th) Contribution to the Proceedings of the School "String Gravity and the Planck Energy Scale" (Erice, 8-19 September, 1995)

The High Energy Physics Theory Group Collider Physics Phenomenology Related to Experiments at LEP, HERA, the Fermilab Tevatron, and the LHC: Heavy-quark production. e + e- - gamma; X, inclusive and isolated photon production. Parton structure of the real photon, and photoproduction processes ...

Some very detailed work is done at Ovid Jacob's Research he has applied the phase-space quantization introduced by Faddeev and Jackiw, refined by Zhang and Harindranath, to chiral symmetry breaking in light-cone QCD. It turns out that discrete light-cone quantization (DLCQ) can be applied.

Observation of the all-hadronic decay of the top quark at CDF

cern preprints for 9512

Theory of Everything in 6 dimensions (instead of 10), which shows where the two extra dimensions are to be found in physics.

John G. Cramer: Alternate View Column AV-80- Inside the Quark

Please, continue reading by clicking here.

If You like more information in german , please click here.

If You like to return to the english page, please click here.

date of last issue: 23. 4. 1997